Neo cardiovascular disease
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overview
What is cardiovascular disease?
Cardiovascular disease is a group of diseases affecting your heart and blood vessels. These diseases can affect one or many parts of your heart and/or blood vessels. A person may be symptomatic (physically experiencing the disease) or asymptomatic (not feeling anything at all).
Cardiovascular disease includes heart or blood vessel issues, including:
- Narrowing of the blood vessels in your heart, other organs or throughout your body.
- Heart and blood vessel problems present at birth.
- Heart valves that aren’t working right.
- Irregular heart rhythms.
What causes cardiovascular disease?
The causes of cardiovascular disease can vary depending on the specific type. For example, atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in your arteries) causes coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease. Coronary artery disease, scarring of your heart muscle, genetic problems or medications can cause arrhythmias. Aging, infections and rheumatic disease can cause valve diseases.
Cardiovascular disease includes heart or blood vessel issues, including:
- Narrowing of the blood vessels in your heart, other organs or throughout your body.
- Heart and blood vessel problems present at birth.
- Heart valves that aren’t working right.
- Irregular heart rhythms.
What are cardiovascular disease risk factors?
You may be more likely to develop cardiovascular disease if you have risk factors such as:
- High blood pressure (hypertension).
- High cholesterol (hyperlipidemia).
- Tobacco use (including vaping).
- Type 2 diabetes.
- Family history of heart disease.
- Lack of physical activity.
- Having excess weight or obesity.
- Diet high in sodium, sugar and fat.
- Overuse of alcohol.
- Misuse of prescription or recreational drugs.
- Preeclampsia or toxemia.
- Gestational diabetes.
- Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.
- Chronic kidney disease.
What are the symptoms of cardiovascular disease?
Cardiovascular disease symptoms can vary depending on the cause. Older adults and people assigned female at birth may have more subtle symptoms. However, they can still have serious cardiovascular disease.
Symptoms of heart issues
- Chest pain (angina).
- Chest pressure, heaviness or discomfort, sometimes described as a “belt around the chest” or a “weight on the chest.”
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea).
- Dizziness or fainting.
- Fatigue or exhaustion.
Symptoms of blockages in blood vessels throughout your body
- Pain or cramps in your legs when you walk.
- Leg sores that aren’t healing.
- Cool or red skin on your legs.
- Swelling in your legs.
- Numbness in your face or a limb. This may be on only one side of your body.
- Difficulty with talking, seeing or walking.
What conditions are cardiovascular diseases?
There are many different types of cardiovascular diseases, including but not limited to:
- Arrhythmia: Problem with your heart’s electrical conduction system, which can lead to abnormal heart rhythms or heart rates.
- Valve disease: Tightening or leaking in your heart valves (structures that allow blood to flow from one chamber to another chamber or blood vessel).
- Coronary artery disease: Problem with your heart’s blood vessels, such as blockages.
- Heart failure: Problem with heart pumping/relaxing functions, leading to fluid buildup and shortness of breath.
- Peripheral artery disease: Issue with the blood vessels of your arms, legs or abdominal organs, such as narrowing or blockages.
- Aortic disease: Problem with the large blood vessel that directs blood from your heart to your brain and the rest of your body, such as dilatation or aneurysm.
- Congenital heart disease: Heart issue that you’re born with, which can affect different parts of your heart.
- Pericardial disease: Problem with the lining of your heart, including pericarditis and pericardial effusion.
- Cerebrovascular disease: Issue with the blood vessels that deliver blood to your brain, such as narrowing or blockages.
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Blockage in your veins, vessels that bring blood back from your brain/body to your heart.